The hippocampal salt-inducible kinase 2-CREB-regulated transcription co-activator 1 system mediates the antidepressant actions of paroxetine in mice.

The hippocampal salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2)-CREB-regulated transcription co-activator 1 (CRTC1) system has been demonstrated to participate in not only the pathogenesis of depression but also the antidepressant mechanisms of several antidepressant medications including fluoxetine, paroxetine, and mirtazapine. Like fluoxetine, paroxetine is also a widely used selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Recent studies have indicated that paroxetine also modulates several pharmacological targets other than the 5-HT system. Here, we speculate that paroxetine regulates the hippocampal SIK2-CRTC1 system. Chronic stress models of depression, various behavioral tests, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, and genetic knockdown were used together in the present study. Our results show that the antidepressant actions of paroxetine in mice models of depression were accompanied by its preventing effects against chronic stress on hippocampal SIK2, CRTC1, and CRTC1-CREB binding. In contrast, genetic knockdown of hippocampal CRTC1 notably abrogated the antidepressant effects of paroxetine in mice. In summary, regulating hippocampal SIK2 and CRTC1 participates in the antidepressant mechanism of paroxetine, extending the knowledge of its pharmacological targets.

[Zuogui Pills and Yougui Pills in differential treatment of diminished ovarian reserve based on metabolomics].

Based on the metabolomics, this paper systematically analyzed the metabolic substance basis of Zuogui Pills and Yougui Pills in syndrome differentiation and treatment of diminished ovarian reserve(DOR), so as to provide a scientific basis for the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome differentiation and treatment of DOR. Patients with DOR of kidney-Yin deficiency syndrome were collected from outpatient department of hospitals and treated with Zuogui Pills for 12 weeks. And kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome were treated with Yougui Pills for 12 weeks. Based on the non-targeted metabolomic research techniques, the potential biomarkers of Zuogui Pills and Yougui Pills in the treatment of DOR with kidney-Yin deficiency and kidney-Yang deficiency, respectively, were screened out, and metabolic pathways of biomarkers were analyzed. The pregnancy rate, basic serum hormone levels [basal follicle-stimulating hormone(bFSH), basal-luteinizing hormone(bLH), basal-estradiol(bE_2), and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)], TCM syndrome type score, and Kupperman score were recorded and statistically analyzed after treatment. The results showed that 23 patients with DOR of kidney-Yin deficiency syndrome and 25 patients of kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome were collected. Twenty-six differential metabolites, including L-carnitine, acetyl-CoA, coenzyme A, and coenzyme Q_(10)(CoQ10), were mapped to 12 metabolic pathways in patients with kidney-Yin deficiency treated with Zuogui Pills. Twenty-two differential metabolites, such as adipoyl-CoA, L-lysine, lysine arginine, and α-tocopherol, were mapped to 11 metabolic pathways in patients with kidney-Yang deficiency. After treatment, bFSH and bLH of patients with DOR were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05). Although the comparison of bE_2 and AMH had no significant differences, there was a improvement trend. The TCM syndrome type score and Kupperman score of patients with DOR after TCM treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05).

Spontaneous rupture of an unscarred uterus during pregnancy: A rare but life-threatening emergency: Case series.

RATIONALE: In most cases, uterine rupture occurs during the third trimester of pregnancy or during labor. Even fewer reports have been published about the occurrence of this condition without a gynecologic history of any surgical procedure. Due to their scarcity and variable clinical presentation, early diagnosis of uterine rupture may be difficult, and if the diagnosis is not timely, the condition may be life-threatening. PATIENT CONCERNS: Herein, 3 cases of uterine rupture from a single institution are described. Three patients are at different gestational weeks and all have no history of uterine surgery. They came to the hospital due to acute abdominal pain, which is characterized by severe and persistent pain in the abdomen, with no apparent vaginal bleeding. DIAGNOSES: All 3 patients were diagnosed with uterine rupture during the operation. INTERVENTIONS: One patient underwent uterine repair surgery; while the other 2 underwent subtotal hysterectomy due to persistent bleeding and pathological examination after surgery confirmed placenta implantation. OUTCOMES: The patients recovered well after the operation, and no discomfort occurred in the follow-up. LESSONS: Acute abdominal pain during pregnancy can pose both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. It is important to consider the possibility of uterine rupture, even in cases where there is no history of prior uterine surgery. The key to the treatment of uterine rupture is to shorten the diagnosis time as much as possible, this potential complication should be carefully monitored for and promptly addressed to ensure the best possible outcomes for both the mother and the developing fetus.

Trend of glaucoma internal filtration surgeries in a tertiary hospital in China.

AIM: To evaluate the trend of glaucoma internal filtration surgeries for inpatients between 2015 and 2021 at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. METHODS: A review of the medical records of inpatients who had been diagnosed with glaucoma and received anti-glaucoma surgery between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2021 was conducted. The glaucoma diagnosis in this study included primary open angle glaucoma, primary angle-closure glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and paediatric glaucoma. The types of surgeries were categorised as internal filtration, external filtration, and cyclodestruction surgery based on the pathway of aqueous humor outflow. The trend of these glaucoma surgeries in the sample of patients with different types of glaucoma was then analysed. RESULTS: The number of patients hospitalised for glaucoma surgery increased yearly, from 752 in 2015 to 1373 in 2021, at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Regarding the patients diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma, internal filtration surgery increased from 27.40% of the sample to 54.40% of the sample, while external filtration surgery decreased from 71.50% to 44.20% between 2015 and 2021. For paediatric glaucoma, internal filtration surgery increased from 37.50% in 2015 to 88.20% in 2021. Whilst different types of surgeries were performed on the sample of patients with secondary glaucoma, the proportion of internal filtration surgery also showed an increase from 18.20% in 2015 to 40.90% in 2021. Meanwhile, internal filtration surgery in the patient sample with primary angle-closure glaucoma already accounted for over 70.00% in 2015, and showed a small increase by 2021. CONCLUSION: As surgical technology and surgical experience continue to elevate and improve, the range of glaucoma surgeries are correspondingly evolving. This study find that internal filtration surgeries accounted for an increasing proportion of treatments in the surgical management of glaucoma between 2015 and 2021.

The Influence of Stereotypes on Trust in Doctors from Patients' Perspective: The Mediating Role of Communication.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship among patients' stereotypes of doctors, effectiveness of doctors' communication skills evaluated by patients, and patients' trust in doctors. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional survey with a total of 3289 patients from 103 hospitals in eastern, central and western China was conducted. Results: There were strong correlations among patients' stereotypes, patients' evaluation on doctors' communication skills, and patients' trust (r = 0.50-0.67, p < 0.01 for all). Patients' trust was predicted by patients' stereotypes directly (ß = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.27-0.37) and indirectly (ß = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.16-0.23) through patients' evaluation on doctors' communication skills. Conclusion: Both patients' stereotypes and patients' evaluation on doctors' communication skills have predictive effects on patients' trust. Patients' stereotypes are not only a direct predictor of patients' trust but also an indirect predictor via doctors' communication skills as a mediator. This national survey underlines the significance of patients' stereotypes, and emphasizes the importance of developing doctors' communication skills on patients' trust. In order to build a more trustful doctor-patient relationship, there should be a joint effort at social and individual level to reinforce positive impression and suppress negative stereotypes of doctors. As far as communication skills are concerned, doctors are encouraged to use helpful verbal and nonverbal techniques that benefit their profession impression management.

[Dynamic identification of double-early rice heat and its spatiotemporal characteristics in Jiangxi Province, China]. / 江西早稻高温热害等级动态判识及时空变化特征.

Constructing evaluation indicator for rice heat damage based on hot weather process (occurring time of hot weather and its duration) can realize the dynamic identification of rice high-temperature heat damage level, which is of great importance to the precisely monitoring, warning and assessment of rice heat. Meteorological, historical disaster and phenological data on double-early rice in Jiangxi Province were integrated to retrieve the historical heat of double-early rice. The dynamic index of high temperature heat injury on early rice based on high temperature weather process was constructed based on K-S distribution fitting test and confidence interval method. The results were verified with reserved independent samples. A rice heat index (M) was calculated, with which rice heat risk was analyzed. The results showed that the starting time and duration of hot weather were key factors affecting the occurrence of rice heat damage, with the effect of starting time greater than the duration. Light, moderate, and severe rice heat for 3-5 d was identified at 10-12, 5-9 and 2-4 d after heading respectively. Similarly, light, moderate and severe rice heat lasting for 6-8 d and >8 d started at 11-18, 8-10, 1-7 d after heading and 12-18, 8-11, 0-7 d after heading respectively. The coincident rate of rice heat damage indicator was 73.7%, and that verified to be identical or one grade different was 89.5%. The linear tendency rate of M from 1981 to 2015 was 0.04·a-1, with abrupt change from low to high around 1999. A high M (>0.18) was mainly found in the middle and the northeast part of the study area. Increasing trends of a high M occurred in the middle, northeast and south of Jiangxi, with tendency rates > 0.04·a-1. In general, the indicators constructed in this study realized the dynamic identification of process-based rice heat. The middle and northeast parts of Jiangxi Province were identified as high risk areas for double-early rice heat.

[Spectral characteristics of Pinus tabulaeformis canopy with different damaged rates of needle leaf in western Liaoning Province, Northeast China].

Through the measurement of the spectral reflectance of large areas Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. ) canopy in western Liaoning Province, this paper analyzed the difference of the spectral reflectance of the canopies with different damaged rates of needle leaf. In visible band, the characteristics of the spectral reflectance of P. tabulaeformis canopies with healthy and damaged needle leaf were in accordance with the spectral characteristics of green plants, but the position of red valley was not obvious when the damaged rate of needle leaf was higher than 60%. In near-infrared band, with the decrease of the damaged rate of needle leaf, the canopy spectral reflectance increased at 780-1350 nm, but decreased at 1450-1800 and 1950-2350 nm. With the increase of the damaged rate, the position of red-edge inflection moved to the short-wave direction. There were significant correlations between the damaged rate of needle leaf and the red edge feature variables and some vegetation indices. The model based on DVI (1470, 860) could be more reliable for predicting the damaged rate of needle leaf in P. tabulaeformis canopy in western Liaoning Province.

[Inversion of winter wheat water content with the relationship between canopy parameters and spectra based on different irrigations].

In order to monitor the canopy water content of winter wheat, canopy spectrums of winter wheat with narrow-band were resampled to broad-band according to relative spectral response (RSR) function of TM5. And then, normalized different water index (NDWI) and simple water index (WI) were calculated with broad-band reflectance. Fuel moisture content (FMC) and equivalent water thickness for canopy (EWTc) were got using dry weight, fresh weight and leaf area (index). The results show that b7 of TM5 is better than b5 in inversing canopy water content of winter wheat. Meanwhile, NDWI is more suitable than WI. Suitable fitting equations are built with NDWI (b4, b7) for FMC and EWTc, whose R2 reaches to 0.576 9 and 0.695 6, respectively. Finally, the spatial mapping of canopy water content is done with fitting equations. The results demonstrate that canopy water content of winter wheat is high in west and low in east in the studied area, and it's high in booting stage and low in milk stage.

[Magnetic resonance characteristics of endometriosis rat model].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a non-invasive, repeatable and dynamic study method in endometriosis rat model using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in order to explore the magnetic resonance characteristics of the model. METHOD: Endometrium tissues were transplanted into left abdominal walls of unmated adult female SD rats. After surgery, pathological changes were observed and MRI scanning was made for the ectopic lesions. RESULT: The endometriosis rat model was successfully established and the ectopic lesions imaged strong hyperintense on DWI, hypointense on T1WI, hyperintense on T2WI with a clear border, without enhancement on CE-T1 WI. CONCLUSION: The lesions can be clearly observed in the MRI images on the endometriosis rat model established by this method, which facilitates repeat experiments and continuous observation studies.

Spectral reflectance characteristics of different snow and snow-covered land surface objects and mixed spectrum fitting.

The field spectroradiometer was used to measure spectra of different snow and snow-covered land surface objects in Beijing area. The result showed that for a pure snow spectrum, the snow reflectance peaks appeared from visible to 800 nm band locations; there was an obvious absorption valley of snow spectrum near 1 030 nm wavelength. Compared with fresh snow, the reflection peaks of the old snow and melting snow showed different degrees of decline in the ranges of 300-1 300, 1 700-1 800 and 2 200-2 300 nm, the lowest was from the compacted snow and frozen ice. For the vegetation and snow mixed spectral characteristics, it was indicated that the spectral reflectance increased for the snow-covered land types (including pine leaf with snow and pine leaf on snow background), due to the influence of snow background in the range of 350-1 300 nm. However, the spectrum reflectance of mixed pixel remained a vegetation spectral characteristic. In the end, based on the spectrum analysis of snow, vegetation, and mixed snow/vegetation pixels, the mixed spectral fitting equations were established, and the results showed that there was good correlation between spectral curves by simulation fitting and observed ones (correlation coefficient R2 = 0.950 9).

[Effects of bushen huoxue decoction on neurobiochemical markers in the hippocampus of female rats with repeated immobilization stress].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect o f Bushen Huoxue Decoction (BHD) on neurobiochemical markers in the hippocampus of female rats with repeated immobilization stress. METHODS: Sixty female rats were randomly divided into the normal group, the model group, the positive control group (treated with Liuwei Dihuang Pill at the dose of 3.3 g crude drug/kg), and the high, middle, and low BHD treated groups (at the dose of 8, 4, 2 g crude drug/kg), ten in each group. Chronic psychological stress was induced using repeated immobilization stress in rats. Medication was conducted by gastrogavage while modeling once a day for twenty successive days. The hippocampal neurohumoral levels were detected with high-performance liquid chromatography. The expression levels of BDNF and its receptor in the hippocampus were detected by Westem blot. Effect of BHD on neurobiochemical markers in the hippocampus of rats with repeated immobilization stress was observed. RESULTS: The levels of Glu, GABA, and BDNF in the hippocampus of the normal group were 1280.0 +/- 258.3 ng/mg, 588.3 +/- 115.1 ng/mg, and 13.26 +/- 2.57 gray value, respectively. But the hippocampal neurohumoral levels and the expression of BDNF in the model group obviously decreased when compared with the normal group, being 1016.9 +/- 215.9 ng/mg, 485.1 +/- 71.0 ng/mg, and 7.23 +/- 0.61 gray value, respectively. The levels of Glu (ng/mg) in hippocampus of the three BHD treated groups were 1459.1 +/- 413.5, 1894.7 +/- 542.8, and 1373.3 +/- 345.7, respectively. GABA levels (ng/mg) inthe hippocampus were 631.6 +/- 161.4, 899.1 +/- 262.1, and 656.4 +/- 140.8, respectively. BDNF levels (gray value) were 16.57 +/- 1.52, 29.85 +/- 1.37, and 24.44 +/- 3.81, respectively, significantly higher than that of the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The level of Glu in the positive control group (1216.5 +/- 193.8 ng/mg) was significantly higher than that of model group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: BHD showed significant accommodation on the hippocampal neurohumoral levels and the expression of BDNF in the female rats with repeated immobilization stress.

[Modeling polarimetric BRDF of leaves surfaces].

The purpose of the present paper is to model a physical polarimetric bidirectional reflectance distribution function (pBRDF), which can character not only the non-Lambertian but also the polarized features in order that the pBRDF can be applied to analyze the relationship between the degree of polarization and the physiological and biochemical parameters of leaves quantitatively later. Firstly, the bidirectional polarized reflectance distributions from several leaves surfaces were measured by the polarized goniometer developed by Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The samples of leaves include two pieces of zea mays L. leaves (young leaf and mature leaf) and a piece of E. palcherrima wild leaf. Non-Lambertian characteristics of directional reflectance from the surfaces of these three leaves are obvious. A Cook-Torrance model was modified by coupling the polarized Fresnel equations to simulate the bidirectional polarized reflectance properties of leaves surfaces. The three parameters in the modified pBRDF model, such as diffuse reflectivity, refractive index and roughness of leaf surface were inversed with genetic algorithm (GA). It was found that the pBRDF model can fit with the measured data well. In addition, these parameters in the model are related with both the physiological and biochemical properties and the polarized characteristics of leaves, therefore it is possible to build the relationships between them later.

[Change trends of China agricultural thermal resources under climate change and related adaptation countermeasures].

Based on the 2011-2050 A2 climate scenario derived from the regional climate model PRECIS and the daily data of 1961-1990 baseline climate condition, this paper analyzed the possible changes of the agricultural thermal resources in China from 2011 to 2050. Comparing with the baseline climate condition in 1961-1990, the average frost-free periods in most parts of China in 2011-2050 under A2 climate scenario would have an obvious extension, mainly manifested in the advance of last frost date and the postpone of first frost date. The days with the daily average temperature stably passing 0 degrees C would also prolong significantly, and extend from 1 day to 14 days in most parts of the country. Especially from 2041 to 2050, the days with the daily average temperature stably passing 0 degrees C in most regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, and western and southwestern regions of Gansu and Xinjiang could be extended by 49 days. The > or = 0 degrees C accumulated temperatures in most parts of the country would have increasing trends. In order to meet the future change trend of our agricultural thermal resources and to realize the sustainable development of agriculture in China, some countermeasures should be formulated, e.g., further adjusting agricultural cropping system, optimizing agricultural production distribution, developing biotechnology, and so on.